Navigating the World of Security Tokens: 9 Essential Considerations for a Successful STO

Introduction: The Surge of Security Tokens

In recent years, Initial Coin Offerings (ICOs) have witnessed an unprecedented surge within the blockchain space. Yet, the absence of regulation has cast a shadow of controversy over ICOs. Leading nations, including China and the United States, have expressed concerns about their potential risks, with China going so far as to ban ICOs, deeming many of them as Ponzi schemes. In this changing landscape, security tokens emerge as a reliable and effective alternative to ICOs, sparking curiosity and inquiry. To pave the way for a successful Security Token Offering (STO), let's delve into nine pivotal considerations.

Type of Tokenized Interest

Security tokens offer flexibility in representing various interests, including ownership of physical assets, equity in a business entity or fund, debt ownership, or the right to receive income distributions. The type of interest being tokenized not only influences investor appeal but also determines the legal obligations associated with it. Debt securities, for instance, demand different requirements than equity interests.

Jurisdiction of Incorporation

The jurisdiction in which the token is issued holds significant sway over the STO's structure. Selecting the appropriate issuer's jurisdiction depends on various factors, including the asset's location, founders' tax residency, interest type, marketing strategy, and pertinent regulatory and legal frameworks. Consultation with legal counsel and tax advisors is vital before making this decision.

Corporate Structure and Governance

A well-defined corporate structure and governance are essential components of a successful STO. Corporate documents must authorize the issuance of security tokens, especially if they resemble traditional equity securities. Moreover, legal restrictions may limit the number of token holders, and compliance with the Exchange Act may be triggered depending on asset value.

AML / KYC Compliance

In the current regulatory landscape, Anti-Money Laundering (AML) and Know-Your-Customer (KYC) requirements are enforced on financial businesses, including security token issuers. These measures ensure that funds invested in tokens do not originate from illicit sources and help meet securities laws. KYC also assists in identifying accredited investors and verifying U.S. residency, crucial for compliance.

Tokenization Platform

Selecting an appropriate tokenization platform is paramount. Multiple platforms are available, each with unique approaches to tokenization, post-launch support, and secondary trading capabilities. Key questions to ask when choosing a platform include:

• Number of offerings launched on the platform.
• Tracking of token holders during secondary trading.
• Provision of KYC/AML tools during both issuance and secondary trading.
• Possession of a broker-dealer license and compensation models.

Banking Requirements

Cryptocurrency-friendly banks are still limited in number, granting these institutions substantial discretion in setting onboarding criteria. This includes thorough KYC reviews and the necessity for the bank's custodian to hold cryptocurrency raised through the STO. Token issuers should research their banking options well in advance to ensure a smooth banking process during the STO launch.

Exchanges and Secondary Trading

Security token exchanges or alternative trading systems, like Templum, OpenFinance, and tZERO in the U.S., have emerged to accommodate compliant STOs. It is crucial to ascertain the platform's compliance with local laws and understand listing and KYC requirements to avoid complications later.

Cap Table Management and Secondary Market Tracking

To comply with legal restrictions, token issuers must maintain up-to-date cap tables listing all security token holders. This necessitates communication with the exchanges where tokens are traded to track secondary market trading and potentially enforce restrictions via smart contracts.

Token Custody

Custody is a prominent challenge in the security token industry. The traditional role of online trading platforms as both marketplaces and custodians raises security and legal concerns for international investors. Staying informed about evolving custodial solutions is essential for broader investor appeal and legal compliance.

Conclusion: Navigating the Complexity of STOs

Launching an STO is a multifaceted endeavor that demands meticulous research, strategic planning, and due diligence from issuers. While the nine key considerations provide a solid starting point, they are by no means exhaustive. These considerations are intended to guide you on the path to a successful token launch, ensuring a seamless transition into the world of security tokens.